Impact of Terrorism on Nigeria Security
CHAPTER ONE
Objective of the study
The objectives of the study are;
- To ascertain the effect on terrorism on national unity
- To examine the causes of terrorism in Nigeria
- To ascertain the effect of terrorism on national security
- To examine the way forward of terrorism in Nigeria
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Introduction
Several studies (empirical and descriptive) have shown that terrorism and insecurity hinders growth and development of a nation. Nwanegbo and Odigbo (2013) noted that security avails the opportunity for development of a nation. Ewetan and Urhie (2014) noted that insecurity hinders business activities and discourages foreign and local investors. Adegbami (2013) in his study opined that insecurity is detrimental to general well-being of the people, and has led to destruction of business and properties, and relocation of industries. Udeh and Ihezie (2013) also noted that insecurity challenges Nigeria’s effort towards national economic development and consequently its vision 20:2020, and scares the attraction of foreign investment and their contributions to economic development in Nigeria. Gaibulloev and Sandler (2009) noted that terrorism (transnational terrorist attacks) had a significant growthlimiting effects and that terrorist incident per million persons reduces gross domestic product per capita growth by 1.5% in Asia. On the other hand, terrorism increases risk and uncertainty that limits investment and hinders foreign direct investment (Gaibulloev, 2009; Abadie, and Gardeazabal, 2008). Terrorism affects industries like airlines, tourism, manufacturing companies, and export sector, which can reduce gross domestic product and growth (Enders and Sandler, 2006.) Blomberg, Hess and Orphanides (2004) carried out a study on 177 countries ranging from 1968 to 2000 (pooled cross section data). The panel estimates showed that terrorism has a small effect on per capita income growth for all samples, and it reduces investment. Tavaries (2004) carried out another study on the cost of terrorism, using sample size ranging from 1987 to 2001. The result showed that terrorism had a significant but negative impact on GDP growth. Gupta et al (2004) studied the impact of armed conflict and terrorism on macroeconomic variables, using a sample size of 66 low- and middle –income countries. It was observed that conflict indirectly reduces economic growth by increasing the defense spending share of government expenditure. Eckstein and Tsiddon (2004) investigated the effect of terrorism on the macro economy of Israel, using quarterly data from 1980 through 2003. Applying vector autoregression (VAR), the result showed that terrorism has a significant negative impact on per capita GDP, investment and exports. Gaibulloev and Sandler (2009) in their study ‘the impact of terrorism and conflicts on growth in Asia 1070-2004’ observed that transnational terrorism attacks had a significant growth-limiting effect. it reduces growth by crowdingin government expenditures. Achumba, et. al (2013) in their study insecurity in Nigeria and its implication for business investment and sustainable development indicated that insecurity challenges in the country is enormous and complex and would continue to be, if the situation remains unabated. Otto and Ukpere (2012) carried out a study on national security and development in Nigeria.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research design
The researcher used descriptive research survey design in building up this project work the choice of this research design was considered appropriate because of its advantages of identifying attributes of a large population from a group of individuals. The design was suitable for the study as the study sought to Impact of Terrorism on Nigeria Security
Sources of data collection
Data were collected from two main sources namely:
(i)Primary source and
(ii)Secondary source
Primary source
These are materials of statistical investigation which were collected by the research for a particular purpose. They can be obtained through a survey, observation questionnaire or as experiment; the researcher has adopted the questionnaire method for this study.
Secondary source
These are data from textbook Journal handset etc. they arise as byproducts of the same other purposes. Example administration, various other unpublished works and write ups were also used.
Population of the study
Population of a study is a group of persons or aggregate items, things the researcher is interested in getting information the Impact of Terrorism on Nigeria Security. 200 residents of selected local government in Borno state was selected randomly by the researcher as the population of the study.
CHAPTER FOUR
PRESENTATION ANALYSIS INTERPRETATION OF DATA
Introduction
Efforts will be made at this stage to present, analyze and interpret the data collected during the field survey. This presentation will be based on the responses from the completed questionnaires. The result of this exercise will be summarized in tabular forms for easy references and analysis. It will also show answers to questions relating to the research questions for this research study. The researcher employed simple percentage in the analysis.
DATA ANALYSIS
The data collected from the respondents were analyzed in tabular form with simple percentage for easy understanding.
A total of 133(one hundred and thirty three) questionnaires were distributed and 133 questionnaires were returned.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Introduction
It is important to ascertain that the objective of this study was on Impact of Terrorism on Nigeria Security. In the preceding chapter, the relevant data collected for this study were presented, critically analyzed and appropriate interpretation given. In this chapter, certain recommendations made which in the opinion of the researcher will be of benefits in addressing the challenges of Impact of Terrorism on Nigeria Security.
Summary
This study was on Impact of Terrorism on Nigeria Security. Four objectives were raised which included: To ascertain the effect on terrorism on national unity, to examine the causes of terrorism in Nigeria, to ascertain the effect of terrorism on national security and to examine the way forward of terrorism in Nigeria. In line with these objectives, two research hypotheses were formulated and two null hypotheses were posited. The total population for the study is 200 residents of selected local government in Borno. The researcher used questionnaires as the instrument for the data collection. Descriptive Survey research design was adopted for this study. A total of 133 respondents made village heads, students, youths and married men were used for the study. The data collected were presented in tables and analyzed using simple percentages and frequencies
Conclusion
Insecurity and terrorism has been a major challenge to the Nigerian government in recent times. The activities of the Islamic sect (Boko Haram) have led to loss of lives and properties in the country especially in the Northern part of Nigeria. Some of these activities include bombing, suicide bomb attacks, sporadic shooting of unarmed and innocent citizens, burning of police stations, churches, e.t.c. Kidnapping, rape, armed robbery and political crises have been another major challenge facing the country. This has implications for the development of the Nigerian Economy. This study has shown empirically that terrorism and insecurity impacts negatively on economic development in Nigeria. It has made government to divert resources meant for development purposes to security votes. This finding is in line with other studies on different countries of the world. Nigeria has been included among one of the terrorist countries of the world. Many lives and properties have been lost and a large number of citizens rendered homeless. Families have lost their loved ones. Many women are now widows. Children become orphans with no hope of the future
Recommendation
- Government should declare war on terrorism and seek assistance/advice from international communities who have in the time past faced this kind on challenge and were able to tackle it.
- The Nigerian Military should be empowered more with arms to fight this insurgency.
- Government should also beef up more security in the eastern and southern parts of the country.
- Grazing grounds or/and ranches should be built in all states of the country for Fulani herdsmen who rear cattle. This will help to stop the killing of farmers whom they graze cattle on their farms.
References
- Abadie, A. and Gardeazabal, J.(2008). ‘Terrorism and the World Economy’. European Economic Review 52.
- Achumba, I.C, Ighomereho, l. and Akpor-Robaro, M.O. (2013). ‘Security, Challenges in Nigeria and the Implication for Business Activities and Sustainable Development’ Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development. Vol 4, No:2
- Adegbami A.A. (2013). ‘Insecurity: A Threat to Human Existence and Economic Development in Nigeria’ www. Iiste.org.
- Avweromre, I.L, (2014). ‘Insecurity and Democracy in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic’. A seminar Paper for a Ph.D award in Political Science. Unpublished.
- Beland, D. (2005): ‘The Political Construction of Collective Insecurity: From Moral Panic to Blame Avoidance and Organized Irresponsibility. Center for European Studies: Working Paper Series 126
- Blomberg, S.B, Hess, G.D, Orphanides, A. (2004). ‘The Macroeconomic Consequences of Terrorism’ Journal of Monetary Economics, 51(5).
- CBN (2012). Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, Abuja. Dec. Eckstein, Z. and Tsiddon, D. (2004). ‘Macroeconomic Consequences of Terror: Theory and the Case of Israel’ Journal of Monetary Economics, 51(5)
- Eme, O.I and Anyadike, N (2013); ‘Security Challenges and Security Votes in Nigeria, 2008-2013’. Kuwailt chapter of Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review Vol. 2 No 8
