Factor affecting family planning service in rural areas among woman
CHAPTER ONE
Objective of the study
The objectives of the study are to;
- examine how educational background affects family planning services among rural women
- examine how culture affects family planning services among rural women
- determine how religion affects family planning services among rural women
- determine how economic status affects family planning among rural women
Research hypotheses
The following hypothesis is being formulated to guide the study.
H0: educational background does not affect family planning services among rural women
H1: educational background does affects family planning services among rural women
H0: culture do not affect family planning services among rural women
H2: culture do affects family planning services among rural women
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Theoretical framework
Health Belief Model (Theory)
Health Belief Model is a theory that was proposed by social psychologists Hochbaum, Rosenstock and Kegels in the 1950. The theory uses constructs that represent perceived threats and net benefits such as perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action and self-efficacy. The model asserts that these constructs account for a person’s “readiness to act” (Rosenstock, et al., 1988). According to the Rosenstock and colleagues explanations, the health belief model (HBM) is a cognitive, interpersonal framework that views humans as rational beings who use a multidimensional approach to decision-making regarding whether to perform a health behavior. However, the model is appropriate for complex preventive and sick-role health behaviors such as contraceptive behavior and other family planning methods as barriers against unwanted pregnancy. Its dimensions are derived from an established body of social psychology theory that relies heavily on cognitive factors oriented towards goal attainment (i.e. motivation to prevent pregnancy). Its constructs emphasize modifiable factors, rather than fixed variables, which enable feasible interventions to reduce public health problems (i.e. unintended pregnancy, spacing and limiting the number of children).
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research design
The researcher used descriptive research survey design in building up this project work the choice of this research design was considered appropriate because of its advantages of identifying attributes of a large population from a group of individuals. The design was suitable for the study as the study sought factor affecting family planning service in rural areas among woman
Sources of data collection
Data were collected from two main sources namely:
Primary source:
These are materials of statistical investigation which were collected by the research for a particular purpose. They can be obtained through a survey, observation questionnaire or as experiment; the researcher has adopted the questionnaire method for this study.
Secondary source:
These are data from textbook Journal handset etc. they arise as byproducts of the same other purposes. Example administration, various other unpublished works and write ups were also used.
CHAPTER FOUR
PRESENTATION ANALYSIS INTERPRETATION OF DATA
Introduction
Efforts will be made at this stage to present, analyze and interpret the data collected during the field survey. This presentation will be based on the responses from the completed questionnaires. The result of this exercise will be summarized in tabular forms for easy references and analysis. It will also show answers to questions relating to the research questions for this research study. The researcher employed simple percentage in the analysis.
DATA ANALYSIS
The data collected from the respondents were analyzed in tabular form with simple percentage for easy understanding.
A total of 133(one hundred and thirty three) questionnaires were distributed and 133 questionnaires were returned.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Introduction
It is important to ascertain that the objective of this study was to ascertain Factor affecting family planning service in rural areas among woman. In the preceding chapter, the relevant data collected for this study were presented, critically analyzed and appropriate interpretation given. In this chapter, certain recommendations made which in the opinion of the researcher will be of benefits in addressing the challenges of Factor affecting family planning service in rural areas among woman
Summary
This study was on Factor affecting family planning service in rural areas among woman. Four objectives were raised which included: examine how educational background affects family planning services among rural women, examine how culture affects family planning services among rural women, determine how religion affects family planning services among rural women and determine how economic status affects family planning among rural women. In line with these objectives, two research hypotheses were formulated and two null hypotheses were posited. The total population for the study is 200 residents in Nsit Atai local government of Akwa Ibom state. The researcher used questionnaires as the instrument for the data collection. Descriptive Survey research design was adopted for this study. A total of 133 respondents made married men, married women, youths and elderly women were used for the study. The data collected were presented in tables and analyzed using simple percentages and frequencies
Conclusion
As identified from the study, female of reproductive age utilised family planning methods that are available in their community, which is inclusive of condom, hormonal pills and hormonal injections found in the primary health care centers’ and in the patent medicine store that serve the community. Family planning services help men and women of childbearing age make informed decisions about their reproductive health. The benefits of family planning extend well beyond the individual seeking advice or treatment. Access to these services empowers people to make appropriate choices for their lifestyle and have a positive impact on society. Women who can plan the number and timing of the birth of their children enjoy improved health. Women who plan the numbered fewer unplanned pregnancies and births, and are less likely to have an abortion and its resultant complication.
Access to family planning services is vital to the health and future of females leading to safe motherhood. The ability to plan the number and spacing of births increases the likelihood for positive health outcomes for women, men, and their children. Improving knowledge about contraception and ensuring access to effective family planning options for residents in need are essential to decreasing unintended pregnancies and increasing intended pregnancies.
Recommendation
Based on the findings of this study the following recommendations were made; Family planning services should be made available, accessible and affordable to high-risk groups. Counseling should be done in religious institution to propagate the knowledge of family planning and encourage the utilisation of the services by their members to enhance their reproductive health. Men plays an active part in their family’s decision making, therefore health care provider should educate men on benefit of family planning services to enhance its acceptance and utilisation among women of reproductive age. Lastly, the public should be enlightened on family planning services through the mass media, as it is the largest means of dissemination of information.
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