Effects of Maternal Attributes on Malnutrition Among Pregnant Women in Sulaja Niger State
CHAPTER ONE
Objective of the study
The objectives of the study are;
- To ascertain the causes of malnutrition among pregnant women in Sulaja, Niger state
- To ascertain the maternal attribute on malnutrition among pregnant women in Sulaja, Niger state
- To ascertain the effect of malnutrition on pregnant women in Sulaja, Niger state
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
INTRODUCTION
Pregnant women must be well nourished to meet the demands of her offspring, her own body needs, and to prepare her body for lactation. The harmful effects of nutrient deficiencies, especially from the conception period, are well established and documented. Therefore, early detection of nutritional deficiency among pregnant women is very essential in order to improve the pregnancy outcome and reduction of maternal mortality. Further it is essential to identify under privileged pregnant woman with poor nutritional status in order to give nutrition education for improving their dietary quality.
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE OUR FOOD CHOICES
As the old adage goes, you are what you eat. This is especially true when it comes to the food choices people make, which are influenced by a wide variety of internal and external factors that may actually have little to do with the food itself. Consciously or unconsciously, individuals choose particular foods over others. The most obvious factor that makes you choose one food over another is its taste. Food that tastes good is understandably appealing, although what is considered tasty may vary widely from individual to individual. Caviar, for example, is considered a rich, delicious delicacy to those who enjoy it, while a child would probably turn up his nose. People often tend to feel hungry for and thus seek out foods which they subjectively find appealing. A TV commercial extolling the virtues of a mouth-watering brand of frozen pizza may make you want to rush out and buy one, which is exactly the hope of most advertising executives. In fact, many food choices are heavily influenced by advertising and media marketing specifically designed to make customers choose one food or brand of food over another. Children, for example, are influenced by factors such as toys that come with fast-food meals and cartoon characters promoting breakfast cereal. Your ethnic and cultural background can play a key role in influencing your food choices. A Mexican-American, for example, is likely to choose very different foods than a Chinese-American would, for purely cultural reasons. Many people will gravitate toward food they find comforting or familiar, which can differ widely from culture to culture. Concerns over health and fitness can also influence food choices. An overweight person trying to lose weight by dieting will usually choose different foods than someone whose metabolism allows her to eat whatever she wants without concerns of weight gain.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research design
The researcher used descriptive research survey design in building up this project work the choice of this research design was considered appropriate because of its advantages of identifying attributes of a large population from a group of individuals. The design was suitable for the study as the study sought effects of maternal attributes on malnutrition among pregnant women in sulaja Niger state
Sources of data collection
Data were collected from two main sources namely:
(i)Primary source and
(ii)Secondary source
Primary source:
These are materials of statistical investigation which were collected by the research for a particular purpose. They can be obtained through a survey, observation questionnaire or as experiment; the researcher has adopted the questionnaire method for this study.
Secondary source:
These are data from textbook Journal handset etc. they arise as byproducts of the same other purposes. Example administration, various other unpublished works and write ups were also used.
Population of the study
Population of a study is a group of persons or aggregate items, things the researcher is interested in getting information effects of maternal attributes on malnutrition among pregnant women in sulaja Niger state. 200 staff of selected health centers in Sulaja, Niger state was selected randomly by the researcher as the population of the study.
CHAPTER FOUR
PRESENTATION ANALYSIS INTERPRETATION OF DATA
Introduction
Efforts will be made at this stage to present, analyze and interpret the data collected during the field survey. This presentation will be based on the responses from the completed questionnaires. The result of this exercise will be summarized in tabular forms for easy references and analysis. It will also show answers to questions relating to the research questions for this research study. The researcher employed simple percentage in the analysis.
DATA ANALYSIS
The data collected from the respondents were analyzed in tabular form with simple percentage for easy understanding.
A total of 133(one hundred and thirty three) questionnaires were distributed and 133 questionnaires were returned.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Introduction
It is important to ascertain that the objective of this study was to ascertain effects of maternal attributes on malnutrition among pregnant women in sulaja Niger state. In the preceding chapter, the relevant data collected for this study were presented, critically analyzed and appropriate interpretation given. In this chapter, certain recommendations made which in the opinion of the researcher will be of benefits in addressing maternal attributes on malnutrition among pregnant women
Summary
This study was on effects of maternal attributes on malnutrition among pregnant women in sulaja Niger state. Three objectives were raised which included: To ascertain the causes of malnutrition among pregnant women in Sulaja, Niger state, to ascertain the maternal attribute on malnutrition among pregnant women in Sulaja, Niger state and to ascertain the effect of malnutrition on pregnant women in Sulaja, Niger state. In line with these objectives, two research hypotheses were formulated and two null hypotheses were posited. The total population for the study is 200 staff of selected health centers in Sulaja, Niger state. The researcher used questionnaires as the instrument for the data collection. Descriptive Survey research design was adopted for this study. A total of 133 respondents made doctors, nurses, lab technician and junior officers were used for the study. The data collected were presented in tables and analyzed using simple percentages and frequencies
Conclusion
Education is one of the most important resources that enables the family to provide appropriate care for pregnant women and lactating mothers in terms of growth and development. The risks are increased when the monthly income is lower than 1000 ETB. According to our results, the large family size seen in the area was one of the factors affecting nutritional status. We found evidence that socioeconomic and demographic variables have a significant influence on the nutritional status of pregnant women and lactating mothers.
Recommendation
Interventions targeting health system responses such as comprehensive nutritional education and support through antenatal care and women empowerment are recommended.
References
- CSA. Central statistical agency [Ethiopia] and ICF international. In: Ethiopia demographic and health survey 2000. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and Calverton, Maryland, USA: Central Statistical Agency and ICF International; 2001.
- . CSA. Central statistical agency [Ethiopia] and ICF international. In: Ethiopia demographic and health survey 2011. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and Calverton, Maryland, USA: Central Statistical Agency and ICF International; 2012.
- Martorell R, Zongrone A. Intergenerational influences on child growth and undernutrition. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2012;26(Suppl 1):302–14.
- Lechtig A, Yarbrough C, Delgado H, Habicht JP, Martorell R, Klein RE. Influence of maternal nutrition on birth weight. Am J Clin Nutr. 1975;28(11):1223–33.
- Thame M, Wilks RJ, McFarlane-Anderson N, Bennett FI, Forrester TE. Relationship between maternal nutritional status and infant’s weight and body proportions at birth. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1997;51(3):134–8. 7.
