The Influence of Guidance and Counselling on the Adult Learner’s Performance in Literacy Centres in Oredo Lga of Edo State
Chapter One
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The objectives of the study are;
- To ascertain the important of guidance and counselling on adult learner
- To ascertain the challenges of adult education in school
- To find out the benefit of guidance and counselling to adult learners
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Adult Students and the Challenges
Adult education provides to millions of adult all over the world opportunities to continue their education at different levels to acquire new skills so as to fulfil their right to lifelong learning. The learners in these programs are referred to as adult students. They are a diverse group who strive towards differing goals and are unevenly prepared to reach those goals. Oduaran (1991) identified a category of adult students which often dominates the various adult literacy classes provided in the largely illiterate societies. Given to their backgrounds, many are assumed to be displaying restrictive behaviours in learning transaction, which might make or mar their learning. These restrictive behaviours may affect their adjustment, academic and non- academic needs, interest of the learner and time spent on the program. According to Nzeneri (2005 )presently man is seriously being challenged by constant change in technology and rapid increases in new knowledge. This change has effect on adult students in many ways, among them are the following;
Technological Change: Technological change is a complex and huge enterprise and can result in both computer labour substitution and skilled based technological change, depending on the nature of the work and the organizations of the workplace. Technological change in the knowledge based economy has its risk, which can be painful and debilitating. Technological change is causing left handed workers to experience Repetitive strain injury. This is because equipment tends to be designed for right handed users, forcing left handed workers to make demanding unnatural movement. International left Handers, (2002) stated that Right handed design for righted users slows down the ability of left handers to use equipment and tools, as their brains struggle to learn the other way round. Lawerence (2000) reported that everyday things like public telephones, electric hand power tools, keyboard and mouse are all geared for right hand use, leaving left-handed workers at risk of injury. This problem can be very frustrating for adult students as emotional instability associated with struggle to learn to use right handed wares increases in every environment they found themselves. Most of them end up with residual incapacitating disabilities like finger contractures and loss of limbs.
Ageing Conditions: Ageing conditions occurs as we age, we undergo a number of physiological changes which affect not only how we look, but how we function and respond to daily living…The consequences of these changes can include decreased stamina with shortness of breath and fatigue, which in turn may impair one’s ability to perform activities of daily living(Process html 2002).Such emotional disturbances and conditions challenge their mental health, sometimes resulting in loss of interest or pleasure in usual actives, changes in appetite and weight, disturb sleep, motor agitation or retardation, fatigue and loss of energy, feelings of worthlessness, self-reproach or excessive guilt, suicidal thinking or attempts , and difficulty with thinking or concentration. These creates negative health outcomes such as traumatic stress, depression, anxiety phobias/panic disorder, eating disorder, sexual dysfunction, substance abuse, high blood pressure, stroke, and other problems which narrows the focus of attention (Easterbrook 1959 and Kahnema 1993 cited in Hall & Crisp 2003), it can lead to an inattention to peripheral details (Heuer & Reisberg, 2000). All these and much more put pressure on adult students making learning difficult and boring.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research design
The researcher used descriptive research survey design in building up this project work the choice of this research design was considered appropriate because of its advantages of identifying attributes of a large population from a group of individuals. The design was suitable for the study as the study sought to the influence of guidance and counselling on the adult learners performance in literacy centres in Oredo LGA of Edo State
Sources of data collection
Data were collected from two main sources namely:
(i)Primary source and
(ii)Secondary source
Primary source:
These are materials of statistical investigation which were collected by the research for a particular purpose. They can be obtained through a survey, observation questionnaire or as experiment; the researcher has adopted the questionnaire method for this study.
Secondary source:
These are data from textbook Journal handset etc. they arise as byproducts of the same other purposes. Example administration, various other unpublished works and write ups were also used.
Population of the study
Population of a study is a group of persons or aggregate items, things the researcher is interested in getting information on The influence of guidance and counselling on the adult learners performance in literacy centres. 200 staff of adult education department in Oredo LGA of Edo State, Edo state was selected randomly by the researcher as the population of the study.
CHAPTER FOUR
PRESENTATION ANALYSIS INTERPRETATION OF DATA
Introduction
Efforts will be made at this stage to present, analyze and interpret the data collected during the field survey. This presentation will be based on the responses from the completed questionnaires. The result of this exercise will be summarized in tabular forms for easy references and analysis. It will also show answers to questions relating to the research questions for this research study. The researcher employed simple percentage in the analysis.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Introduction
It is important to ascertain that the objective of this study was to ascertain The influence of guidance and counselling on the adult learners performance in literacy centres in Oredo LGA of Edo State
In the preceding chapter, the relevant data collected for this study were presented, critically analyzed and appropriate interpretation given. In this chapter, certain recommendations made which in the opinion of the researcher will be of benefits in addressing the challenges of guidance and counselling on the adult learners performance in literacy centres
Summary
This study was on The influence of guidance and counselling on the adult learners performance in literacy centres in Oredo LGA of Edo State. Three objectives were raised which included: To ascertain the important of guidance and counselling on adult learner, to ascertain the challenges of adult education in school and to find out the benefit of guidance and counselling to adult learners. In line with these objectives, two research hypotheses were formulated and two null hypotheses were posited. The total population for the study is 200 staff of adult education department in oredo LGA, Edo state. The researcher used questionnaires as the instrument for the data collection. Descriptive Survey research design was adopted for this study. A total of 133 respondents made up adult education organizer i, adult education organizer ii, senior staff and junior staff was used for the study. The data collected were presented in tables and analyzed using simple percentages and frequencies
Conclusion
Counselling therefore helps adult student to develop self-awareness, this can also build relationships, improve and change their life. It helps the struggling student’s build their strength, be highly motivated. The learning situation then becomes a multidisciplinary environment where knowledge is acquired, skills developed and attitudes changed.
Recommendation
Adult education organizations should clearly define and carefully evaluate the needs of adult students and provide counselling services to them. The role of counselling as a tool in addressing adult student’s needs should be to focus on specific variables and risk factors that can inhibit learning and a healthy life. Such information will help eliminate subtle and complex situation that hinder learning.
References
- Akinpelu J.A. (2000) Philosophy and Adult Education Stirling-Horden Publishers (Nig.) Ltd. Lagos, Ibadan Benin-city, Jattu-uzairue,
- Badat, S. (2004). Higher education and society in post-apartheid South Africa. In Ten Years on; changing higher education in a changing world (pp. 2 – 6). The Open University; Milton Keynes. Retrieved August2, 2007 from: http://www.open.acuk/cheri/index.htm.
- Bekhradrua, B. (2004). 20 years of higher education in the United Kingdom: Looking back 10 years and forward to the next decade. In Ten years on: changing higher education in a changing world (pp. 11 – 21). The Open University: Milton Keynes. Retrieved; August, 2, 2007, from: http://www.open.acuk/cheri/index.htm.
- Brennan, J. (2004). The social role of the contemporary university: Contradictions boundaries and change in Ten Years on: Hall
- R.N. and Crisp J.R. (2003). Anxiety-induced response perseverance and stereotyping change current research in social psychology volume 8, Number 17 2003).
- Hiemstra R. (2001) Educational needs of the Modern Family: The changing Family Structure. File://A:Commch 4.htm.
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