Effects of Contraceptive Patronage and Risk Involvement Among Female Secondary School Students
CHAPTER ONE
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The main objective of the study is to assess the health implication of contraceptive patronage and risk involvement among female secondary school student.
Specifically, the study intend to;
- To assess the effect of contraceptive among female secondary school student
- To ascertain the relationship between contraceptive and female secondary school student
- To assess the rate of pregnancy among female secondary school student
- To ascertain the rate of female secondary school student involvement patronizing contraceptive.
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Knowledge levels of contraceptives and social background
Knowing about contraceptives is presumed to be a first step in stimulating the desire for its use. Assessment of knowledge about contraceptives therefore does not only determine the extent of awareness and sensitization (Takyi, 2000; Kongnyey et al, 2007) but further provides the background for which use of the service is further evaluated. Evaluation in this sense relates with the background characteristics, principally social, of users that influence these awareness and sensitization levels. Oral contraceptives (OCs) were the most popular form of contraception for sexually active Canadian women surveyed in 1998 (Fisher et al, 1998). Seventy-three percent users at the time of the survey expressed a high degree of satisfaction with the pill, although misperceptions were prevalent. Few women knew it was safe for nonsmokers to take the pill after age 35, and that the pill reduces certain cancers. When asked whether taking the pill presented fewer health risks than pregnancy, just 4% strongly agreed. Published literature on the efficacy of contraceptive counseling and education seems to reflect a significant gap between what providers think they offer and what consumers appear to receive. An audit of family planning users in Scotland revealed a 30% discrepancy between the number of women whom clinicians thought they had appropriately counseled and the number of patients who actually understood the teaching (Rajasekar et al, 1999). Oakley estimated that up to one third of women require more individualized counseling to use OCs effectively (Oakley et al, 1994). Getting the good news out about the many benefits of OCs will enable more women to take advantage of their positive health effects and may help increase compliance (Rosenberg et al, 1998, Jenseen et al 2000, Shulman et al, 2000.) It was discovered that the knowledge of Canadian women on the pill regarding risks, benefits and side effects of the pill remains deficient in several key areas, but was increased by counseling. According to the recent Ghana Demographic Health Survey, 2003, knowledge of family planning was defined operationally as having heard of a method. The survey, which used an interviewer prompt method, showed that knowledge of contraceptive was known by 98 percent of women and 99 percent of men (GSS, 2003) considering that these proportions represented Ghanaians who knew at least one method of contraception. Knowledge about modern and traditional contraceptive have changed over a decade and half ago. Whereas the latter was popular among Ghanaians, the former is now popular even though users of contraceptives use the traditional methods (Clemen et al 2004, Hoque, 2007).
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research design
The researcher used descriptive research survey design in building up this project work the choice of this research design was considered appropriate because of its advantages of identifying attributes of a large population from a group of individuals. The design was suitable for the study as the study sought to effects of contraceptive patronage and risk involvement among female secondary school students
Sources of data collection
Data were collected from two main sources namely:
(i)Primary source and
(ii)Secondary source
Primary source:
These are materials of statistical investigation which were collected by the research for a particular purpose. They can be obtained through a survey, observation questionnaire or as experiment; the researcher has adopted the questionnaire method for this study.
Secondary source:
These are data from textbook Journal handset etc. they arise as byproducts of the same other purposes. Example administration, various other unpublished works and write ups were also used.
CHAPTER FOUR
PRESENTATION ANALYSIS INTERPRETATION OF DATA
Introduction
Efforts will be made at this stage to present, analyze and interpret the data collected during the field survey. This presentation will be based on the responses from the completed questionnaires. The result of this exercise will be summarized in tabular forms for easy references and analysis. It will also show answers to questions relating to the research questions for this research study. The researcher employed simple percentage in the analysis.
DATA ANALYSIS
The data collected from the respondents were analyzed in tabular form with simple percentage for easy understanding.
A total of 133(one hundred and thirty three) questionnaires were distributed and 133 questionnaires were returned.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Introduction
It is important to ascertain that the objective of effects of contraceptive patronage and risk involvement among female secondary school students. In the preceding chapter, the relevant data collected for this study were presented, critically analyzed and appropriate interpretation given. In this chapter, certain recommendations made which in the opinion of the researcher will be of benefits in addressing the challenges of knowledge and practice of contraceptives among female students
Summary
This study was effects of contraceptive patronage and risk involvement among female secondary school students. Four objectives were raised which included: To assess the effect of contraceptive among female secondary school student, to ascertain the relationship between contraceptive and female secondary school student, to assess the rate of pregnancy among female secondary school student and to ascertain the rate of female secondary school student involvement patronizing contraceptive. In line with these objectives, two research hypotheses were formulated and two null hypotheses were posited. The total population for the study is 200 students of selected secondary school in Enugu south local government of Enugu state. The researcher used questionnaires as the instrument for the data collection. Descriptive Survey research design was adopted for this study. A total of 133 respondents made up sss 3 students, sss 2 students, sss1 students and jss 3 students were used for the study. The data collected were presented in tables and analyzed using simple percentages and frequencies
Conclusion
Despite the high rate of sexual activity in the group studied, the contraceptive usage rate is low. There is a need for aggressive advocacy about adolescent reproductive health before initiation of sexual activity and dissemination of information on family planning methods amongst the teenage group.
Recommendation
The following are therefore some of the policy recommendations that should be undertaken:
- Create a safe, supported passage for girls from ages 10 to 19, recognizing that recognizing second decade of their lives is a period of critical capability-building and heightened vulnerability, which does not end with marriage and childbearing.
- Acknowledge that adolescent girls’ lives are often governed’ harmful, culturally sanctioned gender rules imposed by males, parents, and other elders and perpetuated at times by girls themselves.
- Expand girls’ social participation, schooling, and economic opportunities, understanding that these are basic entitlements and that they frame girls, reproductive behavior
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