Level of Acceptability of Use of Condom and Abstinence Methods of Family Planning by Men
CHAPTER ONE
Objective of the study
The objectives of the study are
- To ascertain why men should be involving in family planning
- To analyze the relationship between contraceptive use and marital status.
- To ascertain the best contraceptive to use by men between condom and abstinence
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Male use and approval of family planning
According to the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), men are more likely to approve of family planning and to know about contraception than stereotypes about men suggest (Ezeh et al, 1996). While the majority of African men approve family planning, generally men in West Africa, except Ghana, are less likely to approve family planning, have less knowledge and low contraception use as compare to other regions in Africa. (Ezeh, et al 1996, Roudi and Ashford, 1996, Tanzania DHS, 1996). Men’s contraceptive use is lower than might be expected, given their overall approval and knowledge. Between one-quarter and two thirds of men surveyed want no more children, yet neither these men nor their partners were using contraception (Loaiza 1998, Drennan 1998). In seven of 15 countries surveyed in Africa, at least 90% of men approve the use of contraception. Within most of the countries men are less likely to approve family planning than women. This fact may in part explain why men are often pictured as an obstacle to contraception use. In all countries surveyed however, better-educated men express greater approval of family planning than do men with less education. Perhaps because the educated men understand the importance of family planning more better and there are also easy to change the negative attitudes towards family planing (Cynthia et al 1999, Loaiza et al 1998).
Factors limiting male involvement in family planning
Although men have some knowledge of family planning methods, approve family planning, and international advocacy of male involvement in family planning, there are a number of factors which have prevented men to play an active role in family planning. Some of them are mentioned below
Services aimed at women and children
Before the sexual revolution initiated by the oral contraceptive, men were more of an integral part of family planning than they are today. If a couple wished to use contraception, their options were primarily limited to methods requiring male participation: withdrawal, periodic abstinence or condoms (FHI 1998, Drennan, 1998). Hormonal methods for women, beginning with the first oral contraceptive in 1960 (Cynthia et al 1999), and the subsequent development of intrauterine devices and modern tubal surgical sterilisation, led to the development of family planning focusing on women (Cynthia et al 1999; FHI, 1998; Drennan, 1998; Khan and Patel, 1997, Mbizvo and Bassett, 1996)
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research design
The researcher used descriptive research survey design in building up this project work the choice of this research design was considered appropriate because of its advantages of identifying attributes of a large population from a group of individuals. The design was suitable for the study as the study sought Level of acceptability of use of condom and abstinence methods of family planning by men.
Sources of data collection
Data were collected from two main sources namely:
(i)Primary source and
(ii)Secondary source
Primary source:
These are materials of statistical investigation which were collected by the research for a particular purpose. They can be obtained through a survey, observation questionnaire or as experiment; the researcher has adopted the questionnaire method for this study.
Secondary source:
These are data from textbook Journal handset etc. they arise as byproducts of the same other purposes. Example administration, various other unpublished works and write ups were also used.
CHAPTER FOUR
PRESENTATION ANALYSIS INTERPRETATION OF DATA
Introduction
Efforts will be made at this stage to present, analyze and interpret the data collected during the field survey. This presentation will be based on the responses from the completed questionnaires. The result of this exercise will be summarized in tabular forms for easy references and analysis. It will also show answers to questions relating to the research questions for this research study. The researcher employed simple percentage in the analysis.
DATA ANALYSIS
The data collected from the respondents were analyzed in tabular form with simple percentage for easy understanding.
A total of 133(one hundred and thirty three) questionnaires were distributed and 133 questionnaires were returned.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Introduction
It is important to ascertain that the objective of this study was to ascertain Level of acceptability of use of condom and abstinence methods of family planning by men. In the preceding chapter, the relevant data collected for this study were presented, critically analyzed and appropriate interpretation given. In this chapter, certain recommendations made which in the opinion of the researcher will be of benefits in addressing the challenges of methods of family planning by men.
Summary
This study was on Level of acceptability of use of condom and abstinence methods of family planning by men. Three objectives were raised which included: To ascertain why men should be involving in family planning, to analyze the relationship between contraceptive use and marital status and to ascertain the best contraceptive to use by men between condom and abstinence. In line with these objectives, two research hypotheses were formulated and two null hypotheses were posited. The total population for the study is 200 residents in Ibadan. The researcher used questionnaires as the instrument for the data collection. Descriptive Survey research design was adopted for this study. A total of 133 respondents made civil servants, business men, elderly men and youths were used for the study. The data collected were presented in tables and analyzed using simple percentages and frequencies
Conclusion
The low knowledge and misconception about male contraceptive methods, as well as the large desired family sizes and the preference for boys were associated with low male contraceptive use. The results have given a greater understanding of the determinants of contraceptives use and reproductive behaviour. The data show that a majority of men were aware of contraceptives, but detailed knowledge on specific male methods was lacking. The results have indicated some prospect that the fertility decline may happen in the future. Although the use of male contraceptives among men in our study is limited, there are favourable attitudes towards family planning and willingness to use contraception. The attitude towards family planning use is an important indicator of potential decline in fertility if other necessary conditions are available. The important question remains when the fertility is going start-declining decline. The appropriate answer may depend on the efforts invested by the district family planning program and the Government of Republic of Nigeria to involve men in family planning.
Recommendation
There is a need to find better ways to reach men, especially in rural areas and to provide access to appropriate and adequate information regarding a range of family planning methods. The efforts from the Government and the district administration should explore ways in which more detailed information about specific methods could be conveyed to men in traditional settings. For example, because more than 80% of men have primary education and above, which imply that the majority of men can read and write, material containing both written and pictorial components can have good impact.
There was unmet need of family planning, as more than sixty per cent of men who want no more child, neither themselves nor their partners, were using contraception. There is a need of promotion and making contraceptives available to all men and women.
As it has been observed about in different family planning methods, traditional methods are widely not promoted and sometimes dismissed. Because such methods are the mostly widely used, they need more promotion and education on how they can be effective.
Policy makers should find ways to increase the range of family planning methods available to men, perhaps through male only clinics where information and services like vasectomy could be provided.
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